Introduction
Social, Political and Economy systems
Japan country is like an arc archipelago next to East side of European and Northwest Asia continent, include island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. Japan is as an island country, have running total acreage is 377, 834 square kilometers. Its total land is likely an arched skiff where it lies along way to the near of east of Asiatic continent with an length 3,800 milestones, from 20 parallel of latitude degrees boreal that with reversions Antarctic is Okinawa, to 45 parallel of latitude degrees are boreal with same upper part the reversion Hokkaido. This terrain are being compared the length from Miami, United States tracing up to end of Montréal area of Canada. Japan has more than 3, 900 islets and 4 big reversions.
There four main islands Hokkaido, Honsnhu, Kyushu, Okinawa where the climate is so non-thermal and the weather is always dry with four different seasons during a year. Japan is named as a Sunrise country where it’s established has manifold culture. A country has sharply young flooded cheery-blossom with girls winsomely in ministry KIMOTO. It also has a special paper folding art ORIGAM tradition, palm purified that slick in tea art laws is original, floral arrangement art IKEBANA. Japan society has strokes special about culture dealt. Japanese often incline salutation by Person staf down and lowering degree Hinge Social standing of both people. This is an essential omen to reveal respect such as another custom stroke is swap. A Department of Education including science culture, sports and technology is a highest agency to manage Japan’s culture. Japan’ culture have functions and its possession role in its society nowadays, play wherewith element essential role. Japan also promotes its language to the World as a ways and means to expanding its global business. In addition, for number of non-resident learns Japanese in Japan and in the World is increasing, manifold programs and actions research also under way who is to stimulating Japanese Education. Japanese Constitution has been expressed that “No War” in which Japanese swear to chase peaceful strategy since 1946 publicly. Japanese Congress is the highest legislature branch with 512 House of Representatives and 252 senators. House of representatives has 4-years term and Senator with 6-year term. Japan is identical country about people and cultural decoction. People without Japan origination make up more than 1% only in 2002. The very quickly of progression in economic field is a cause for Japanese social changes in 1990s and 2000s from large member-family to small family with parents and children, rates drop from 44% in 1995 to 13.7% in 2000. Family’s members have been limited in each family unit, and the home residence is just enough for a few people for living.
Japan is considering as number two power country in the World Economy. After World War II Japan is a capitalistic nation, like the US. However, because of cultural differences, the resulting economic activity appears far different than US. The United State of America has privatized most of the Government run institutions. This significantly lowered the cost of running their government. On top of these, there were great restrictions of Japan's rebuilding their military - again an incredible boom for the economy. The Japanese economy suffered a crisis in the 1990's and has kept it's head above water why they continue to try to find a way of modernizing, once more, without losing either social cohesion or historical distinctiveness. It got the usual quasi-capitalistic mix with government support for advanced industries. An integrated system has been applied in Japan Economy for decades by Japanese economists that accentuate the relationship between its currency, goods and people for a long-term. There is a close connection among banking for money, companies for goods. Japan Economy has earned a great respect for its economic efficiency.
Government Role in the Economy, International Trade, Import and Export
According to Ming Wan, (1998)” Japan is often seen as a power that knows how to achieve economic success but does not know what to do in foreign policy.” (p-2) and “Japan is often considered a one-dimensional power. Different from the United States, which possesses a wide range of resources, Japan’s main instrument of foreign policy is economic power.”(p-3). This is a good example for undeveloped and developing economy nations to study the impacts and limitations of economic leverage.
As United State of America is supper economy nation in North America continent then Japan is another one in Asia, considering a strong work ethic with a high technology industrial nation but a very lower budget for its defense business. Japan is namely second place in technological powerful economy and a second largest GDP, reaches $4.3 trillion in 2007, about 2.7% GDP growth after US. After World War II Japan has been supported and influenced by U.S. policies, They all focus on economic growth, the most strongest market been invading by Japan Auto industry, the GDP has been reached 10 percent annually growth for the three decades. It was successfully in energy saving policy therefore technological electronics products and automobiles become very competitive internationally. This is a successful story in business forever to study. Japan Economy is beginning slower in 1990s with the average 1.7 % after the effects of financial crisis and assets price bubble, compared other industrial nations like Germany and USA. Real GDP grew as an average 1.5% annually from 1991 to 1999 comparing to growth in 1980s of about 4% per year. In the early 2001, the Japan government has economic reform in the relying of slow demand from US, and other Asia economies. From 2003 to 2007, its economic growth in GDP average 2.0 annually, under the pressures from other economic dragons, Japan as U.S still remains as a major economic powering the globe with among World’s largest and technological advance producers of automobiles and high tech merchandises and other electronic equipments. Japanese government make its efforts to continue the economy recovery yearly with a lower unemployment rate from 5.3% in 2003 to 4 % in 2007, lower population growth rate, and highest gross national savings with an average 27% yearly from 2003 to 2007 compared to US. 13%, an average for its national saving and U.S unemployment average rate 5.2 % yearly from 2003 to 2007.
Unlikely USA and China, Japan also has an efficient energy reform, by diversify its energy resources, lowering its dependence on imported oil from 75% in 1970s to 57% at present and having high technologies for automobiles with less gasoline driver and new introduction of Hybrid vehicles. It has a current account balance, $212.8 billion in 2007 comparing to U.S negative balance, -$738.6 billion, China $360.7 billion and Brazil 3.5 billion .Japan focus on export commodities such as transport equipments, motor vehicles, semiconductors and other high tech electronics. Their key partners for trade are USA with 20,4 %, China 15.3% South Korea 7.6 %, Taiwan 6.3 % and Hong Kong 5.4%. Although Government executes a series of reforms and its effort to revise economic growth but there are little results for its success.
Exchange Rate System and Flawless Policies
In fact, the Japan productivity is lower 30 percent than American labors. Meanwhile, Japan industrial fields have faced a lot of competitions from China in product quality and quantity and competitive price. Beside Japanese economy has to paid with a high cost of energy and a rise on cost of goods transportation in which will still gone on to affected negative exchange rate. Not like US Federal Reserve, most of the Japanese financial activities has been under the monitor and administrated by the Japanese Ministry of Finance. The Japanese government directly has been controlled all foreign investment and trading before 1949s. There are also a multiple exchange rates at that time and it has been run under the market economic policy. In the mid 1949 Japan decide to switch its plural exchange rate regime to a single exchange rate regime. This change continues its activity until 1960s under that progressed trade liberation. From 1960 to 1971 Japan has applied fixed exchange rate regime to rely US dollar but in the early 1971 Japanese government was beginning use the flexible exchange rate regime to allow its currency (Yen) to be floated above its fluctuation ceiling and an effective rate. In that time, the US dollar has lost its value and continuing devaluation, so the main cause to push Japan’ establishing and controlling exchange rates under the flexible exchange rate system as a basis. This is an open door for the freely floating of the effective rate of Japan currency. Japan begins to determine the exchange rate upon the supply and demand conditions. Likely responsibilities as US Federal Reserve, Ministry of Japanese Finance and authorized Central banks will intervene in the currency market when its currency has been fluctuated disorderly. At present, Japan flexible exchange rate regime has not been changed much lately.
The current economy and the outlook for the next many years to come
Japan, although population density is big, par excellence live in metropolitan area but Japans has a loftiness standard of living. Japan industry is at the second ranking in the world, although it has been considered as a very poor country about natural resources. Most of productions are being depended on imported material, as 90% of energy from foreign imported oil. Japanese economically accomplishments are in centralized of invented production phyla. At present, The Japanese overall economy has not been changing much upon the national real GDP in 2007 and 2008 at 2.1%. The inflation has also keep low increasing at 2.0% in August 2008. The Japanese export is heading slowing down in June 2008 at 1.7% while import of record level at 16.2% rises, by impacts from falling World economy, the American financial crisis and the high demand oil and price that affected disadvantageous to this power of Asiatic most largest economy. Japanese trade surplus has also been decreased in June 2008 $1.28 billion or 89% in the same period of the last year, 2007. According to the BBC news, “Japan's trade surplus shrank by more than expected in July, due to weaker US demand and an increase in oil imports. The surplus fell to 91.15bn yen ($830.5m; £444.2m), down 86.6% from the same period a year earlier.” (P-1) The difference among US, China, Brazil are facing with a higher inflation than Japan has a lowest inflation of status where Japanese and its enterprises at this sunrise country are waiting inflation to come back, with more than a decade under the sustained deflation. Many past years, Japanese economy was in average at 1.0% deflation because Japanese consumers are limited in spending of automobile, consumed goods and so on but more on saving plans and home cash reserves. Moreover, the high cost of energy along with the rising expenditure prices to cut back their expenses to cause Japan‘s GDP and CPI index to increase negligible. Firstly, it should stimulate its economy by spending packages where Japan will always hope inflation index has boost omen diligently. Secondly, to remains as the competitive and largest economy ranking in Asia, Japan should consider a labor reform by building a powerful manpower resource with a high labor skill and knowledge to rely the better productivity. Japan can also open their door for foreign labors. Looking at US economy’s productivity still remains as highest level. Although Japan should be considered as good stage as maintaining its industrial base and have a better in national saving plan and a huge capital resources and reserves those can continues to show its strong economic outlook. But Japan also should pay attention to its declines in the population growth that is a threat to the long term rapid economic growth. In additional, the higher percentage rate in elders than younger generation will give a pressure on the pension system and given short on its workforce.
According to the Yuichi,”The life expectancy in Japan in the longest in the world. In 1995, average life expectancy at birth was 76 years for male and 82 years for females.”(P-3)
Social, Political and Economy systems
Japan country is like an arc archipelago next to East side of European and Northwest Asia continent, include island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. Japan is as an island country, have running total acreage is 377, 834 square kilometers. Its total land is likely an arched skiff where it lies along way to the near of east of Asiatic continent with an length 3,800 milestones, from 20 parallel of latitude degrees boreal that with reversions Antarctic is Okinawa, to 45 parallel of latitude degrees are boreal with same upper part the reversion Hokkaido. This terrain are being compared the length from Miami, United States tracing up to end of Montréal area of Canada. Japan has more than 3, 900 islets and 4 big reversions.
There four main islands Hokkaido, Honsnhu, Kyushu, Okinawa where the climate is so non-thermal and the weather is always dry with four different seasons during a year. Japan is named as a Sunrise country where it’s established has manifold culture. A country has sharply young flooded cheery-blossom with girls winsomely in ministry KIMOTO. It also has a special paper folding art ORIGAM tradition, palm purified that slick in tea art laws is original, floral arrangement art IKEBANA. Japan society has strokes special about culture dealt. Japanese often incline salutation by Person staf down and lowering degree Hinge Social standing of both people. This is an essential omen to reveal respect such as another custom stroke is swap. A Department of Education including science culture, sports and technology is a highest agency to manage Japan’s culture. Japan’ culture have functions and its possession role in its society nowadays, play wherewith element essential role. Japan also promotes its language to the World as a ways and means to expanding its global business. In addition, for number of non-resident learns Japanese in Japan and in the World is increasing, manifold programs and actions research also under way who is to stimulating Japanese Education. Japanese Constitution has been expressed that “No War” in which Japanese swear to chase peaceful strategy since 1946 publicly. Japanese Congress is the highest legislature branch with 512 House of Representatives and 252 senators. House of representatives has 4-years term and Senator with 6-year term. Japan is identical country about people and cultural decoction. People without Japan origination make up more than 1% only in 2002. The very quickly of progression in economic field is a cause for Japanese social changes in 1990s and 2000s from large member-family to small family with parents and children, rates drop from 44% in 1995 to 13.7% in 2000. Family’s members have been limited in each family unit, and the home residence is just enough for a few people for living.
Japan is considering as number two power country in the World Economy. After World War II Japan is a capitalistic nation, like the US. However, because of cultural differences, the resulting economic activity appears far different than US. The United State of America has privatized most of the Government run institutions. This significantly lowered the cost of running their government. On top of these, there were great restrictions of Japan's rebuilding their military - again an incredible boom for the economy. The Japanese economy suffered a crisis in the 1990's and has kept it's head above water why they continue to try to find a way of modernizing, once more, without losing either social cohesion or historical distinctiveness. It got the usual quasi-capitalistic mix with government support for advanced industries. An integrated system has been applied in Japan Economy for decades by Japanese economists that accentuate the relationship between its currency, goods and people for a long-term. There is a close connection among banking for money, companies for goods. Japan Economy has earned a great respect for its economic efficiency.
Government Role in the Economy, International Trade, Import and Export
According to Ming Wan, (1998)” Japan is often seen as a power that knows how to achieve economic success but does not know what to do in foreign policy.” (p-2) and “Japan is often considered a one-dimensional power. Different from the United States, which possesses a wide range of resources, Japan’s main instrument of foreign policy is economic power.”(p-3). This is a good example for undeveloped and developing economy nations to study the impacts and limitations of economic leverage.
As United State of America is supper economy nation in North America continent then Japan is another one in Asia, considering a strong work ethic with a high technology industrial nation but a very lower budget for its defense business. Japan is namely second place in technological powerful economy and a second largest GDP, reaches $4.3 trillion in 2007, about 2.7% GDP growth after US. After World War II Japan has been supported and influenced by U.S. policies, They all focus on economic growth, the most strongest market been invading by Japan Auto industry, the GDP has been reached 10 percent annually growth for the three decades. It was successfully in energy saving policy therefore technological electronics products and automobiles become very competitive internationally. This is a successful story in business forever to study. Japan Economy is beginning slower in 1990s with the average 1.7 % after the effects of financial crisis and assets price bubble, compared other industrial nations like Germany and USA. Real GDP grew as an average 1.5% annually from 1991 to 1999 comparing to growth in 1980s of about 4% per year. In the early 2001, the Japan government has economic reform in the relying of slow demand from US, and other Asia economies. From 2003 to 2007, its economic growth in GDP average 2.0 annually, under the pressures from other economic dragons, Japan as U.S still remains as a major economic powering the globe with among World’s largest and technological advance producers of automobiles and high tech merchandises and other electronic equipments. Japanese government make its efforts to continue the economy recovery yearly with a lower unemployment rate from 5.3% in 2003 to 4 % in 2007, lower population growth rate, and highest gross national savings with an average 27% yearly from 2003 to 2007 compared to US. 13%, an average for its national saving and U.S unemployment average rate 5.2 % yearly from 2003 to 2007.
Unlikely USA and China, Japan also has an efficient energy reform, by diversify its energy resources, lowering its dependence on imported oil from 75% in 1970s to 57% at present and having high technologies for automobiles with less gasoline driver and new introduction of Hybrid vehicles. It has a current account balance, $212.8 billion in 2007 comparing to U.S negative balance, -$738.6 billion, China $360.7 billion and Brazil 3.5 billion .Japan focus on export commodities such as transport equipments, motor vehicles, semiconductors and other high tech electronics. Their key partners for trade are USA with 20,4 %, China 15.3% South Korea 7.6 %, Taiwan 6.3 % and Hong Kong 5.4%. Although Government executes a series of reforms and its effort to revise economic growth but there are little results for its success.
Exchange Rate System and Flawless Policies
In fact, the Japan productivity is lower 30 percent than American labors. Meanwhile, Japan industrial fields have faced a lot of competitions from China in product quality and quantity and competitive price. Beside Japanese economy has to paid with a high cost of energy and a rise on cost of goods transportation in which will still gone on to affected negative exchange rate. Not like US Federal Reserve, most of the Japanese financial activities has been under the monitor and administrated by the Japanese Ministry of Finance. The Japanese government directly has been controlled all foreign investment and trading before 1949s. There are also a multiple exchange rates at that time and it has been run under the market economic policy. In the mid 1949 Japan decide to switch its plural exchange rate regime to a single exchange rate regime. This change continues its activity until 1960s under that progressed trade liberation. From 1960 to 1971 Japan has applied fixed exchange rate regime to rely US dollar but in the early 1971 Japanese government was beginning use the flexible exchange rate regime to allow its currency (Yen) to be floated above its fluctuation ceiling and an effective rate. In that time, the US dollar has lost its value and continuing devaluation, so the main cause to push Japan’ establishing and controlling exchange rates under the flexible exchange rate system as a basis. This is an open door for the freely floating of the effective rate of Japan currency. Japan begins to determine the exchange rate upon the supply and demand conditions. Likely responsibilities as US Federal Reserve, Ministry of Japanese Finance and authorized Central banks will intervene in the currency market when its currency has been fluctuated disorderly. At present, Japan flexible exchange rate regime has not been changed much lately.
The current economy and the outlook for the next many years to come
Japan, although population density is big, par excellence live in metropolitan area but Japans has a loftiness standard of living. Japan industry is at the second ranking in the world, although it has been considered as a very poor country about natural resources. Most of productions are being depended on imported material, as 90% of energy from foreign imported oil. Japanese economically accomplishments are in centralized of invented production phyla. At present, The Japanese overall economy has not been changing much upon the national real GDP in 2007 and 2008 at 2.1%. The inflation has also keep low increasing at 2.0% in August 2008. The Japanese export is heading slowing down in June 2008 at 1.7% while import of record level at 16.2% rises, by impacts from falling World economy, the American financial crisis and the high demand oil and price that affected disadvantageous to this power of Asiatic most largest economy. Japanese trade surplus has also been decreased in June 2008 $1.28 billion or 89% in the same period of the last year, 2007. According to the BBC news, “Japan's trade surplus shrank by more than expected in July, due to weaker US demand and an increase in oil imports. The surplus fell to 91.15bn yen ($830.5m; £444.2m), down 86.6% from the same period a year earlier.” (P-1) The difference among US, China, Brazil are facing with a higher inflation than Japan has a lowest inflation of status where Japanese and its enterprises at this sunrise country are waiting inflation to come back, with more than a decade under the sustained deflation. Many past years, Japanese economy was in average at 1.0% deflation because Japanese consumers are limited in spending of automobile, consumed goods and so on but more on saving plans and home cash reserves. Moreover, the high cost of energy along with the rising expenditure prices to cut back their expenses to cause Japan‘s GDP and CPI index to increase negligible. Firstly, it should stimulate its economy by spending packages where Japan will always hope inflation index has boost omen diligently. Secondly, to remains as the competitive and largest economy ranking in Asia, Japan should consider a labor reform by building a powerful manpower resource with a high labor skill and knowledge to rely the better productivity. Japan can also open their door for foreign labors. Looking at US economy’s productivity still remains as highest level. Although Japan should be considered as good stage as maintaining its industrial base and have a better in national saving plan and a huge capital resources and reserves those can continues to show its strong economic outlook. But Japan also should pay attention to its declines in the population growth that is a threat to the long term rapid economic growth. In additional, the higher percentage rate in elders than younger generation will give a pressure on the pension system and given short on its workforce.
According to the Yuichi,”The life expectancy in Japan in the longest in the world. In 1995, average life expectancy at birth was 76 years for male and 82 years for females.”(P-3)
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