Inauguration Day!

There are forty two more days until U.S. presidential election but American voters already know who the winner is.

 Congratulation Madam President, Hillary Clinton! Today is a great day and the day of history has been repeating for America.  Eight years ago, American voters made the best choice to elect the first African American President, and today we again have made the right decision to put a first female and most qualified lady in the Oval Office. America is always a great country and will continue to be in that way under your leadership and platform. This was a long and hard work for presidential candidates and campaigns, but Americans always clarify and understand an urgent and seriously how to choose the best experience candidate to lead this beautiful nation. Americans realize our national’s stake is too high to ignore, and every issue is on the ballot, what we will have done beginning from there, from each vote. Thank you, God! Americans have not made a wrong choice. Madam Hillary Clinton is a true patriot with a strong, determined, and vision as well as she has real experiences, great compassion, and wisdom to lead the United States of America. As an American President does not take a lightly and simple position, it should have exact qualifications and requirements to run, not only this nation but the entire free World. It is challenged and serious business. It is fair to say that President‘s words are a far-reaching and necessary to effect to the World issues. It is better a President has to think twice before saying. Once again, American voters have made a smart choice to pick Former First Lady over Mr. Billionaire. This election will also help to close the gap of American social sex genders issue. We all know American always want to have a change but a change for better, but not change for worst; therefore, we need a leader who genuinely understands issues, not in America soil but aboard as well. American voters needs a leader whom truly put out her heart and vision to keep America great and better, not make himself better and wealthier.

American politics today is more complicated that requires leader whom must have a track record of political dealings and success as well as ready to work across the aisle for the best nation’s interests.  Madame Clinton is a real public advocate who sacrifices her entire personal life to keep fighting for America from issue to issue, spending over forty years in the trenches doing the hard works needed to prepare herself to lead our nation. We do not need to broadcast the Former First Lady with other candidates, but America voters already know who the best for our country is. Who is ready to protect America and to improve the quality of life for all? Who could run the White House at the first day? For sure Madame President already has a crucial plan and platform to keep America safe and great, to improve equality for all.  For real, no one has a better qualification and could match her resume of achievement to deal with a wide range of issues and other conflicts around the world as well as prior matters in America offshore. She would be fit and a best suited to be Commander in Chief. Her master skill and detailed approach to carrying Washington politic into a settled desk and bring it back to real governing.

 Madame Clinton is right “no one alone could fix the country’s problems, but fix it together.” Finally, her resume and background have shown and made us believe that she is “smart, well-prepared, intensely political knowledge, thoughtful, detailed oriented, strong, excellent temperament and pragmatic” to bring better bright future to next generations in coming.

The Prediction!

The Prediction!

Madame Hillary Clinton will take President Oath becoming the 45th U.S. Commander in Chief in 2017. No other presidential candidates would be better qualified and have extremely enough experiences and a variety of life and career positions to handle the big job as the United States of America President. The prediction will be announced it from today, before the end of Democratic primary and in ahead of the general election. What Americans need is a leader who could deliver a crucial planning to every single of Americans, make it through Congress from day one?  At this urgent stage, what Americans need, is an evolution, not a revolution. We are not at an American Revolution war in 1775-1783 time of period. America has been independence for more than 230 years, and American is the most freedom and democratic nation in the world. America also an only one superpower in the World, we are in progress to grow the economy, remain the best military, restore prosperity and rebuild reputation to the Free World. America never stopped being a great nation.

As an outstanding for president and an extended period of advocating in public services, Madame is always fighting for the best of the America where she got a full of a gut to complete this highest ranking executive position. She does not only feel the pain of Americans working class, know the nation’s obstacles, understanding thoroughly American politics but also deeply understand about the World issues today as well.  As a superpower nation, President would prepare a broad and deep platform for this great country, a smart foreign policy to work with other nations. As an well-prepared President must realize the World stage today, are facing many critical issues and know how to deal with it at daily basis. Today World has been facing many challenges in ahead, World needs clear strong and clever leadership from us, so does America needs an excellent President to run the entire World. Why Madame Hillary? Because she is an expert into the American governing and politic, she is a real fighter, an advocate for equality to all, and she is an American patriot for the only truth of one’ s ideal for uniting and restoring American credibility to the World. By doing so, a leader needed to be determined and to be an indomitable fighter for that ideal. No questioned, she was born to be a worldly-wise politician and to be an advocate for powerless people.  Since in schooling time, she is a polis, already get involved in school activities, governing associations. Since in the 80s, she already sacrifices her life to the public services, fighting not only for children, women but all within for social common sense. Indefinitely, Madame Clinton is a political veteran for the middle class; she know how important to rebuild a middle-class foundation for America Economic system. This is a crucial survival base for the nation that is fighting for. Why Madame Clinton should take the presidency in 2017? Because she not only deeply understands prior American’s important issues but also she know how to deliver American policies to the World. Foreign policy is one of hot national platform protect and grow American‘s interests to more than 196 countries on the planet. No other candidates have been getting involved and worked within 112 nations like her in the time she was in the Secretary States. Why Hillary? Because Americans need a President, who could deliver the solution, not created it. No one has that much long time in American politics and public services experiences that makes her stronger and stronger from past mistakes as well. American needs to move forward for the growth and prosperity by a skilled leader with credibility and capability. Americans do not need any more of political talks, or full of promises that could not accomplish. America is always a country of opportunity and dream for young and immigrates. Madame Hillary Clinton is an excellent choice, a unique positioned to carry on the best future for all us and the next coming generations.

Only One!

                                                                                                             

There are many others, experienced politicians, good teachers, great scientists…however; there is only one person who would do an excellent job for American that is Madame Hillary Clinton. American should be ready happily and proud to welcome the first former Lady and first female President in the White House. She is not only grandmother, mother, a public servant but still a fighter. She will fight for the women rights, equality labor and pay, children for World Class education plan as well as Hillary Clinton will create a comprehensive plan for America in the next eight years, protect and secure this great nation, rebuild growing middle-class base and maintain the superpower economy and military systems in the World. As Madame Hillary Clinton has said:" America never stopped being great" I would say America will again make a history. After eight great years of the first black President, America will ready for the first female commander in chief.  Madame Clinton would be a right choice for Americans to choose. She would be a most effective president to lead our nation in the next eight years.

This 2016 is a very important election, every American, who loves this country, who should vote and contribute to the democracy system we have.  American must select a right candidate, with heart, determined, honest, patient, strong, steady and significant experience in American politics and America governing the system. Where that President could bridge Washington divides. American political systems are far away from uniting and without working together; American would not be successful completely.As a President, who are ready to defend our national security and fight for all of us at every day, from stPeets not at Wall Street. A President is willing to restore American prosperity for all and many more decades to come by creating more good paid jobs, protect the equality for all and keep promoting an Obama healthcare as well as Obama' plan Early Education for all young Americans.  This only person whom could be overqualified to perform and pursue America future is Madame Hillary Clinton. Her real and honest platform is to make the national agenda be well.

We all should question who would be a great President in which has great heart, long time experienced, determined and completed past records, Mr. Canadian? Mr. Socialist? Mr. Billionaire? Alternatively, Mrs. Hillary Clinton, who is a 39-year advocate for children and family. A president who must not only know how to speech, lecture, or/and order but have to have a broad vision, ideas and ideal to serve the country and to love their people. A leader needs to lead this great nation into safer and power, healthier and wealthier, more tolerance and generous to the World. American is in an urgent to have that kind of leadership and Commander in Chief for the 21 century. Madame Clinton is the one who would make it happens and do a job well done.  She is the one who could go along with and work well with both sides in the Congress. She is also the one who could unite and lead the free Word for the long future path. Madam Clinton has a great personality, professional skills, and experience and capability politician to bring Washington politic in real governing. There is no one, no presidential candidate better than her in this Presidential position in 2017. She has acknowledged well where she comes from and how the real world is where she got trained for the job. American voters need to study well about all candidates and make a right decision for the country, not today but tomorrow, for the future of young Americans.

US Congress!

                                                                                                 

Dear Congress Representatives and Senators: 

Did America have been using a soft power and applied soft foreign policy during the last 15 years? We have a frail presentation to the Free World for many past years. America has spent hundred billion dollars at every year to the defense program, from $304 billion in 2000 to reach $634 billion in 2015. America has spent far more than any countries combined. While Chinas has spent about $140 billion and Russian is about $70 billion in 2015. Why we spent that much money on defenses and still could have a serious and clear foreign policy to deal with hostile regimes like Nork Korea, Iran and elsewhere? American has to change the way we conduct businesses with other superpower rivals in the all of the issues from trading, security, human rights and other sensitive matters. America’s full successful shall never come true without a country “UNITED”, United or Divided? 
First America must reconsider how much we have spent, should use tax dollars wisely? Second, America should protect and rebuild a stronger economy system to the World. Middle class is a foundation of our economic system and major revenue source for the nation. America must put the Economy at the priority before anything else, and it shall pay the rest of costs we have from national defense, education, and healthcare as well as immigration and other programs we are facing the shortage budgets today. 
We should stand firmly for the America's core value and make explicit orders to our military to responses and secure the World order immediately we have set for many decades. No countries should be above laws to change or/and to establish a new World order except the United States of America’s agreement. America must send a clear message to the strongest action to any power rivals. A World War III should not have occurred, but it is a must option to make at last. American Military should have a World War III plan on the table from now; it has no time to wait for it. It never too late to deal Middle East Issue, Iran should have only one choice to make” Go with Free World or Regime change”. It was also not too late to reorder the East China Sea, and China has built and illegally set up new defense environment in the East Sea which this must be stopped and destructed immediately by power. America has a good deal with Russia, but we need to push harder on the economic sanction for a few more years. America also needs to pressure harder NATO to increase its minimum defense e budget to 2.5 percent annually to 2030. This is a key to containing Russia hostile regime for decades and make Kremlin leadership to change its stubborn attitude to the new democratic and freedom system. 
America Military should share a lot higher high-tech weapons to its Allies and friends by not being interfered or being imitated by other hostile regimes. America got to make a stronger decision at what are a need and an emergency to make. 
For the next commander in chief in the White House, America needs a strong and determined leadership with a vision and an experience. America needs a united nation where all parties could work together, where all American could continually contribute and work hard to rebuild this great superpower nation and restore America shortened credibility to the Free World. A Commander in Chief, who must have a decisive voice, goes along with a determined action; a president has to put American prosperity and security in the first place. An America President always carries on the American core value and spread it on along to the World at every day. This president would have only one philosophy of life “Peace, Security, Human Rights, and Justice never comes free!” 
God Bless our Great Nation always!

Madam and Platforms

Madam and Platforms!

No other platform is better than hard working American family one. I believe the presidential candidate; Mrs. Hillary would lay out the presidential platform based on the issues that will drive American families, from poor to rich, from moderate to high class to a crucial plan for working class family by correlation and contributing to this great nation. American must rebuild the country, American have to restore the World Reputation and American must remain as the superpower nation for the lifetime. We lead the free World, and we always will be in the position. The only way to rebuild this country, restore the prosperity and bring American back to the golden age is to support and rebuild American middle class.It should be erased the poverty gradually and to create more good paid jobs for every single hard working American. The America prosperity is only to occur when every American family has a comfortable life. The difference between the rich and the poor must be contracted gradually. Every child has come into an excellent educational system. Every elder has deserved a well prepared social security system. Every graduated college students have a best chance to work and to contribute to society. Every American must have the closed equal and fair plays in any organization, and the same working treatment. America success is World success, and American fail is World false!

America needs a series of reforms, from Wall Street to your street, from fiscal policy to taxation, from political to Immigration, from education to energy.To do so completely, American need a strong leadership, a wholehearted and determined White House leader, a high and profound understandable team to support the President. American want to see a leader who could leave the own party, interested groups behind to join in the bi-partnership solution for the best interest of the nation.

Hillary Clinton is very high support tax reform to stop cutting significant corporation tax where they need to pay their fair shares. She also helps energy independent plan where America will invest more in the natural gas, green and renewable energy like solar, fuel cell and nuclear power plants. American should reduce carbon, cut foreign oil imports and to be independence power nation. Whoever wants to be in presidential candidates in 2016, Mrs. Hillary Clinton or another Republican candidate and there are many more in the both major parties to join in the race. The most important and urgent issue is still the US economy growth. We need to create a lot more good paying jobs, bring down the unemployment rate and maintain the U.S. Superpower title for the many generations to come. The next government has to work hard on trade deficits and open free market to others by continuing adapt into these free trade agreements as TPP, FTAA, and NAFTA....It would help American exports and promote its products to the World free markets. It would help promoting more jobs. There are also a lot more important matters like social security, labor union, immigration; education and healthcare she needs to follow up. One of the most important issues is a foreign policy where she has to deal with the ISIS terrorism, Iran nuclear deal, Russia-Ukraine conflict and East China Sea where China was raising a serious problem.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership would be completed before the end of President Obama era that will help the next President in the economy system where we could increase the free trade in the among twelve to fourteen countries and would govern 40 percent of U.S.' imports and exports.

Here are priority issues to win over for the President Election:

1. Economic growth plan where could create more good paid jobs

2. National Security program included foreign policy where American could maintain the superpower

3. Social Security System that will continue guaranty the social benefits, health care, and

4. Tax reform is another critical key to helping US. Companies in the global market and encourage more investors into doing businesses as well as it is a competition tool for the Government.

5. Immigration reform would be a significant issue to reorganize entire of nation population into legal labor force and to have contributed a fair share to the community

A leader who could rebuild a strong grass root of American middle class, a presidential candidate who deeply understand about the crucial matters, critical issues that America are facing today., a president who would restore America prosperity, not based on any group interests as well as an own party but She or he has to put American interest firstly. Hillary Clinton will be a completed commander in chief of the United States of America for next two presidential terms, beginning on January 2017. The time has been changed as well as the living environment. Therefore, the policy plan today would not be the same as twenty years or ten years ago.

Developing Economies vs. Devevoped ones!

USA, JAPAN, CHINA, BRAZIL ECONOMIES

Nowadays, many issues of a nation are being to get closer to the world, for the so called globalization has led the nations toward economic disclosures, primarily reason for keeping them more competitive. Each individual national economy is a part of the global economy in which have been combined economic elements from all these countries and has created a huge and wide impact to reflect each its single economies of nation. In fact, it is a well-connected bridge among nations in many matters such as economy, society, education and more. More than decades of high technology was birth, these information, currencies, products, intellectual, cultural intercourse flows more quickly then ever ways. The rise of technology has allowed our environment to be characterized as a global one. The global economy gave business the ability to market products and services all over the global. It has also allowed them develop partnerships and alliances throughout the World, which has become essential for success in today’ business. Its effects are being spread all over the World, a cause for nation’ policy reforms and their political and economical stability but also an awake for each nation how to rely the demands from global economy, does their own contribution to the world. World economy has been considered as a total activities process of an economically general that world-wide and circulation of goods and services exchange among nations all over the globe. It is also a place where people all over the world draw together for not only entering into agreements but exchange views, education, technologies, cultures and socials including more than 190 countries and 6.7 billions people are living now. According to the Word Bank Data:
“In the year 2007, world (GWP) gross output is 46.770 trillion USD; equivalent answerably purchasing power is 65.960 trillion USD. North America, Europe and Asia seizes over 3/ 4 GWP world-wide. Global output (gross world product) (GWP) rose by 4.4% in 2005, led by China (9.3%), India (7.6%), Russia (5.9%) and Brazil (5.8%). GDP per head is 6,600 USD; equivalent answerably purchasing power is 10,200 USD. Agriculture 4%, industry 32%, service 64%. 3 billion peoples work-force, 40, 9% makes agriculture, 20, 6% in industry and 38, 5% about service.”

Realizing the choice of their own national economy system will affect to the live of people and society in each parts of Earth therefore each countries need to have a clear and fair policy in exchanges and have done their share of the world economy. Every time, local or national economy have a growth or/and slow down as recession is always created an influence to other nation economy. Peter states that (2008), “Economic trouble has spread far beyond the United States to major countries in Europe and Asia, threatening businesses around the world with the loss of the international sales and investment that have become increasingly vital to their sustenance.” (p.1). There are more emphasizes from other economist: "It's the rest of the world going down, not the United States going up," said Kenneth Rogoff, a former chief economist at the International Monetary Fund and now a professor at Harvard University or "The slowdown has reached such a wide range of countries that they're now feeding on one another," Ruskin said.
In this earth, we have seven continents and largest four oceans but in economically, we have should divide in four main categories about low-income, lower middle-income, upper and highest-income economy. The United State of America and Japan are developed countries and has been belongs in richest industrial nations but China and Brazil are considering as developing countries. Beside, we have fifteen European countries to be power economy community in Europe. In this paper will examines the differences and relationships on the ” two on two” nations with a century in superpower economies and new coming economic dragons in Southeast Asia as China and Brazil in South America.
In generally, world economy, from east to west, has been changed rapidly in

many ways as in good and bad, growth and slow last decades. First at all, it should tell the US economy is the top ranking of the World Economy. Its effects not only to Europe, Asia and Africa but South America like Brazil and other regions or group of nation as ASEAN, EU and BRIC economies (India, China, Brazil, and Russia). Social, Political and Economy systems Because of its established history, The United State of America has a society combined by many different cultures, languages, race, religious, classes and lifestyles. U.S. is at the cutting edge of leading technology and science society. There are differences in social activities between communities in U.S country such as religion, languages and custom. All in all, Americans take seriously individual liberty and self-made very much. Family, community, religion, or organization is secondary than privacy rights.
Firstly, it is a great nation where its acreage is the third largest one in the world and with over 300 million people descendant from full where differently in the World. United States of America is a most manifold society in the world. Even though Americans majority is accounted descendant from Europe, American-born, Asian American, African American and Hispanics population are growing by time. Presently, per year there is up to over one million migrant non resident come to subsistent United States of America and work for the living, and anticipation come to in the year 2050 only still white Americans is seized fewer than 50%. The United State of America also stands for a democracy and human rights nation where U.S. always promotes and encourages other countries for its movements. U.S. government system, to inception such as a experimenting about freedom and democracy in the year 1776, have already been testified it be ably unusual restoration and accommodation. Though often to classification as a democracies, United States might be defines accuracy such as a constitutionality federal republic system of government. It means “constitutionality "related to constitution fact that United States of America government is administration based upon ‘supreme law of the land’. The U.S. constitution is above Federal and State laws like U.S Statutory and U.S. Administration law. It is layout the framework and functions of U.S national government. In fact, it is a federal system with three branches where U.S congress (legislative) creates and passes laws through parliaments and president (executive) enforce and defenses those laws and judicial branch review and protect these laws. Each State have their own state laws and regulation but not vs. or unconstitutional federal laws. United States of America politics System chiefly owes to two biggest Democratic and Republican parties. United States of America constitution stipulate United States of America parliament has foreign trade control rights and decides on impost. However, owing to increase either impost reduction, import quota assignment, or overture international trade agreements is very sophisticated and affect benefit not only United States of America possession but also who of countries differ; therefore some responsibility in parliament has been managed by authorized executive agencies. To make sure federal agencies to perform commercial regulations correctly and beneficially, these agencies have a request to consult with congress regularly and have notification universally on mass Medias for a best of the general public's opinion. In addition, Congress has an authorization to control and carry out commerce laws and programs by budgetary distributing to Federal Agencies. Business policy is the basic factor of the diplomatic and economic policy the United States of America. Because the most important of the economy policy reflects to the deep and wide nation interests so U.S fed government have strongly influences to national or international businesses.
The United State of America is a greatest economy nation in the last many decades and still remains its title for next many years to come. During 1907s to present, U.S. economy has been experienced in up and down periods but it is still a strong and leading economy in the globe. Most historical memory was an U.S. great depression economy in 1929 till late 1930 where were carried along stock market crash, banking collapse and unemployment rate has been soar at 19.7% followed. According to Allen, Frederick Lewis (1940), “Between 1930 and 1939 U.S. unemployment averaged 18.2%. The economy's output of goods and services (gross national product) declined 30 percent between 1929 and 1933 and recovered to the 1929 level only in 1939.” Another history lesson is the great commodities depression among 1980 to 2000, generally recession in commodity prices. In addition, the initial report by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), declare a recession that lasted from March 2001 to November 2001, as real gross domestic product dropped during the period by 0.2 percent total from the fourth quarter of 2000. During president Bill Clinton Administration, 1990s, U.S economy was very strongly growing and beginning slower in the early 2000s and tipped into a recession in 2001. After this light recession in early year 2001, U.S economy was started to re-grow with an averaged peed is 2.9 % yearly from 2002 to 2006. Meanwhile, inflation about prices, rate of unemployment and interest rates are still sustained in low relative level. By many potential and weight economy policies and measures, The U.S. economy is still remains its position in highly competing power, largest quantitative production and there is affected range to most intensive in the world. According to non-profit board about competition, in stage from 1995 to year 2005, direct contributing U.S growth of global economy degree tri-level portion. In stage from 1983 to 2004, United States's importation increase giddiness and make up about 20% in export boost level riches is cosmopolitan. However, U.S economy is affected from many other dynamical economies nowadays. At present, U.S still has to face with both challenges comes from indoor and aboard. The U.S housing market has been downturn reflect the bubble markets last many years. Moreover, Financial Industry such as sub-prime mortgage has been crisis, oil demand is at high and jobless is increasing in time in which gives a warning to a possible recession. There are a few warnings to prove that global economy will change more scientifically and create huge impact to the U.S economy balance in coming years. Developing nations have been growth faster last years and seizes United States of America's more and more mickle portion among goods is exported, 32.8% in 1985 while in 2006, this proportion is 47%. Developing nations also seize 34.5% United State’s importations in 1985 and 54.7% in 2006. In 2007, US total, all counties trade is $3.495 trillion, import rose 5.9 % to a record $2.333 trillion while exports grew12.2 % to a record $1.162 trillion. The top US leading trading partners are Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, UK and Brazil is at 13 ranking.
Secondly, Japan country is like an arc archipelago next to East side of European and Northwest Asia continent, include island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. Japan is as an island country, have running total acreage is 377, 834 square kilometers. Its total land is likely an arched skiff where it lies along way to the near of east of Asiatic continent with an length 3,800 milestones, from 20 parallel of latitude degrees boreal that with reversions Antarctic is Okinawa, to 45 parallel of latitude degrees are boreal with same upper part the reversion Hokkaido. This terrain are being compared the length from Miami, United States tracing up to end of Montréal area of Canada. Japan has more than 3, 900 islets and 4 big reversions.
There four main islands Hokkaido, Honsnhu, Kyushu, Okinawa where the climate is so non-thermal and the weather is always dry with four different seasons during a year. Japan is named as a Sunrise country where it’s established has manifold culture. A country has sharply young flooded cheery-blossom with girls winsomely in ministry KIMOTO. It also has a special paper folding art ORIGAM tradition, palm purified that slick in tea art laws is original, floral arrangement art IKEBANA. Japan society has strokes special about culture dealt. Japanese often incline salutation by Person staf down and lowering degree Hinge Social standing of both people. This is an essential omen to reveal respect such as another custom stroke is swap. A Department of Education including science culture, sports and technology is a highest agency to manage Japan’s culture. Japan’ culture have functions and its possession role in its society nowadays, play wherewith element essential role. Japan also promotes its language to the World as a ways and means to expanding its global business. In addition, for number of non-resident learns Japanese in Japan and in the World is increasing, manifold programs and actions research also under way who is to stimulating Japanese Education. Japanese Constitution has been expressed that “No War” in which Japanese swear to chase peaceful strategy since 1946 publicly. Japanese Congress is the highest legislature branch with 512 House of Representatives and 252 senators. House of representatives has 4-years term and Senator with 6-year term. Japan is identical country about people and cultural decoction. People without Japan origination make up more than 1% only in 2002. The very quickly of progression in economic field is a cause for Japanese social changes in 1990s and 2000s from large member-family to small family with parents and children, rates drop from 44% in 1995 to 13.7% in 2000. Family’s members have been limited in each family unit, and the home residence is just enough for a few people for living.
“The politics of Japan take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Japan is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament; the Diet with the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. In academic studies, Japan is generally considered a constitutional monarchy, based largely upon the British system with strong influences from European continental civil law countries such as the German Bundestag” (Politics of Japan)

Japan is considering as number two power country in the World Economy. After World War II Japan is a capitalistic nation, like the US. However, because of cultural differences, the resulting economic activity appears far different than US. The United State of America has privatized most of the Government run institutions. This significantly lowered the cost of running their government. On top of these, there were great restrictions of Japan's rebuilding their military - again an incredible boom for the economy. The Japanese economy suffered a crisis in the 1990's and has kept it's head above water why they continue to try to find a way of modernizing, once more, without losing either social cohesion or historical distinctiveness. It got the usual quasi-capitalistic mix with government support for advanced industries. An integrated system has been applied in Japan Economy for decades by Japanese economists that accentuate the relationship between its currency, goods and people for a long-term. There is a close connection among banking for money, companies for goods. Japan Economy has earned a great respect for its economic efficiency.
As stating as in the Time Magazine (2008),” The Japanese variant of capitalism cannot be readily or precisely copied, except perhaps by a few Asian countries, because it is rooted in a homogeneous, hierarchical society with a not so distant feudal past. Changes are slowly taking place, but disciplined workers still display an almost mystical loyalty to their companies, and paternalistic employers reciprocate by guaranteeing job security. Leaders of business, banking and government are members of unitary elite, and they have a snug relationship.” Time also adds: "But Japan's system of capitalism does provide a lesson for the U.S. in one crucial respect. The nation's power elite, which shapes and guides the course of the economy as a whole, practices a democratic ideal that individualistic Americans claim as their own but often seem to ignore: the spirit of compromise and consensus. This has enabled the group-oriented Japanese to apportion wealth and nurture growth in one of the world's most cramped and populous countries."

Third, China is in Eastern Asia, bordering to the East China Sea, Korea Bay. It is the World fourth largest country with having manor acreage extensively with 9.5 million square km. after US, Canada and Russia. According to the China Constitution, People's Republic of China is socialist nation, under the leading of labor class. Its foundation has been established from working people class. An autocratic socialist system is China’s basic regime. People dictatorship is State’s charter. State own fabric includes people congress of delegates nationally, President, Parliament, and Consultative conference politics Board. The Communist Party has control and establishes Government system after World War II. Chinese Communist Party has about 60 million members at present, included 25 top people in Politic Board, 9 members of standing committee. In addition, Chinese Communist Party has eight persons represented for eight different Parties under the leading of Communist Party. Presently, China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous areas, 4 cities under the directly controlling from central of communist government. It also has 2 independent districts as Hong Kong and Macao. China is the biggest population nation on the Earth, with 1.3 billion populous included 600 million in urban areas and 730 million in rural areas. China is a unification country with 56 ethic groups. By the ordinance Chinese Constitution, all of ethic groups under leading of Chinese Communist Party are having equal rights. “For the last 35 years, the United States, Japan and Germany have ranked 1-2-3 in gross domestic product, but as growth in those mature economies has slowed, China’s has accelerated, powered by foreign investments and trade amid a global shift production activity to the Far East” Don lee said: It took ten years, from 1970s to 1980s for China economy to change shift of farming working system to collectivized agriculture system. There are a series of reforms from the gradual of liberation of prices, a diversified banking system, the fiscal decentralization, the development of stock markets to fiscal decentralization. It also opens its market to attract the increasing of foreign investments and trade. China had a GDP trade increasing rapidly in the last 15 years that has been focusing on two of most important industrial and agricultural sectors. It only took twelve years, from 1995 to 2007 for China to become the top three countries in economic power since its ranking number 8 after Brazil 10 years ago. China has a huge trade surplus $360.7 billion in 2007 compared to U.S -$738.6 billion in 2007.
According to the IMF, (2007), “For the first time, China and India are making the largest country-level contributions to world growth (in PPP) China is also making the largest contribution at market price. More generally, emerging market and developing countries are reaping the benefits of careful macroeconomic management over the last decade.”
China achieved the first policy reform in heavy industry in 1970. It took more than 25 years since the major economy reform in 1979, with an averaged GDP 10% per year during the period 1990 to 2005, reaching a higher growth rate at 10.5% in 2007, accompanied by low inflation at 4.5% in 2007.
Fourthly, Brazil is another economic growth competitor to the other economies in the World but it is appearing in South America. Its acreage is the fifth large nation in the area and the population reaches 191,908 million in 2007 or 1.3 % population growth. Brazil boundaries has been faced to the east by Atlantic Ocean and other nations as Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia…The climate here is mostly tropical but more heat in south side. Brazil has a longer history than USA or Japan. Its Colonial Era Period is from 1500s to 1822s therefore Brazil has been absorbed and obtained highly stratified society from the colonial system. Brazil was a Portuguese’s colony in the past until in the year 1822 when this country becomes an independence nation. Brazil is only country in South America to be heavy in inheriting languages and cultural from Portuguese. Even Brazil culture has been affected by these elements above but Portuguese culture is only more affection for Brazilian's close relationship event in colony episode with this empire. Portuguese is carried to here language, catholicity and colonial architecture types. There are other aspects has been contributing to Brazilian culture from Eurasia, South-American-born aboriginal and helot from Africa. In fact, Brazil could be viewed as a multicultural and multiracial society. Nowadays Brazil political system is as Federal Republic Charter under its federal constitution. It has Federal, State and City governments and its political system has three legislative, executives and judicial branches like US government. One of its republic’ politics martinet is multiparty system as encouraging and warranty about free politics. At present there are 15 big and small political parties joining in Brazil Congress. Brazil is the first leading nation about politics and economy in the South America region. However, Brazil still remains some difficult issues as unstableness in economic field and society that preventing Brazil to become an influential World power. Brazil also was facing an unstable political issue in 1964. In the first few years after main military intervention of its political issue, Brazil continues to grow fast its economy by having an economic reform and new polices. But a few years later, that Brazil has faced with a very difficult time by failing to follow these reforms. Government has faced a high national debt from foreign countries. Its government became a dictatorial system in that year. It took 15 years later for Brazil to begin rebuild its democracy and re-fix whole worst economy with an inflation reaching 25% high in 1985. In 1985, a new government was birth under a leading of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. He has put on his platform for renew whole economic system and the first result his government been collected by preventing financial crisis in 1998. He also was pursuing the political reform following years. The most arduous problems still remains in society that is inequality in income among citizens as well as many another lancination social matters. Last few years, Brazil has resulted in resolving the “population living below poverty line.” and creating more jobs, reducing dependence on foreign oil.
Government Role in the Economy, International Trade, Import and Export
U.S federal Government has an important role in creation jobs and promoting economic
development and makes sure the economic inflation and unemployment rates low as
possible and keep the common price level and a burden of taxation is manageable
acquired. President and Congress will have control budget expenditure and tax
spending. In the United States, we have Federal Reserve System where it runs and a control by Board of Governors is the Central Banking system of U.S. It has been called a short name as “Fed”. It is an organization to include a number of State’s momentousness and private institutions. Nowadays, most of Central Banks in the world has more than mains bi-functional number: administer currency policy and assure stabilization and secure give trade bank in particular and some portion to system is national finance system. U.S Central Bank’ roles are to control, balance and regulate the supply of money in the U.S economy. They maintain fund resources at a Federal Reserve Banks to play a major role in the US banking system for demand and supply at private banks. Fed will supervise all of U.S banking system. Summarily, in U.S. ‘banking
system, liquidity inter-bank offer rates LIBOR that most private institutions borrowed to manage often flap in Fed Funds Rate and Discount Rate are two policy tools to monitor. The most important body of Fed Reserve System is Federal Open market Committee
(FOMC) where responsibly research and propose currency policy to sustain the stabilization of the prices and boost the economy. First, it is important to realize that all countries experience the relationship of trading and investment with each other. U.S.
economy is a biggest international trading-partner to most countries therefore the U.S economy’ growth and declines always have a huge impact to the world economy. It has been affected not only currency exchanges and interest rates systems of each regimes but
it has been also affected by U.S Discount and Federal Funds Rates where influenced and regulated by US Federal Reserve Bank. A dictum sentence of economists: “when Uncle Sam splashes blow-off, the entire world gets cold”. During passed centuries, U.S. international trade and economic policies have been significant changes to reply the changes from aboard. U.S GDP ranking rate in 2007 is still remains first, reach $13.84 trillion, with less than five percent world populations. Only possession GDP is a state of California reaches $1.5 trillion in 2007, transcended GDP of all of countries, only subtract 8 countries, entering that year. It is also firstly rate in import turnover with over $2 .2 trillion, three times larger than Germany, a second place. About export is second place, reaches 1.1 trillion, only after Germany. U.S dominated many export markets but according to forecast, China will outmarch U.S in 2008 about services export with $422 billion dollars. US has trade deficit highest rate since post war period with $847 billion in 2007, outgrows so many times than any other countries. This reflects Americans saving less than spending compares Europe and Japan.The most conflict issue since 1985 to present is the trade deficit with China in goods that will approach $256.3 billion in 2007, dramatically up from last year's record of $232.5 billion. US exports to China reach $65.2 billion and imports are at $321.5 billion in 2007. US exports to Japan reaches $ 62.7 and imports 145.6 billion in 2007. US exports to Brazil reaches $24.6 billion and imports $25.6 billion in 2007. US’s trade deficit to Japan is only $82.7 billion in 2007 compared to China $ 256.3 billion in 2007 and Brazil is far less than China and Japan, at $1 billion or 0.4% in 2007.Between US and Brazil is at good stage to keep a lowest trade deficit since last two years. Most of the US leading industries in international trade, export and import are advanced technologies equipments, steel, automobiles, and aerospace, and telecommunication, chemical and other consumer goods. USA reaches $1.14 trillion in export and $1.96 trillion import in 2007. Their key trading partners are Canada 21.4%, Mexico 11.7%, China 5.6%, Japan 5.4%, UK 4.3%, and Germany 4.3%. Most of the USA exports-commodities are agricultural products (soybeans, fruit and corn); industrial supplies and capital goods reach 49%. In the imports-commodities are most of industrial supplies with 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%) and consumer goods as 31.8%.
In the last decade, Japan has tried to make a series of economic, financial, welfare, educational, budget and administrative reform after the financial and economic crisis occurs in the last15 years. This is the first priority responds from Japanese Prime Minister Hashimoto. These highest priority aspects are expected for achievement from government activities. It has been planed to be reviewed all the relationship and controlling between government and marketplace.
According to Yuichi Shionoya (2008), “Thus the Japanese government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Hashimoto, has begun a serious effort to streamline the swollen fiscal and administrative branches of government and to liberalize the over regulated economy. The Prime Minister has directed that plan for reform be designed by the end of November, and reforms be in place and start on January 1, 2001.”

According to Ming Wan, (1998)” Japan is often seen as a power that knows how to achieve economic success but does not know what to do in foreign policy.” (p-2) and “Japan is often considered a one-dimensional power. Different from the United States, which possesses a wide range of resources, Japan’s main instrument of foreign policy is
economic power.”(p-3). This is a good example for undeveloped and developing economy nations to study the impacts and limitations of economic leverage.
As United State of America is supper economy nation in North America continent then Japan is another one in Asia, considering a strong work ethic with a high technology industrial nation but a very lower budget for its defense business. Japan is namely second place in technological powerful economy and a second largest GDP, reaches $4.3 trillion in 2007, about 2.7% GDP growth after US. After World War II Japan has been supported and influenced by U.S. policies, They all focus on economic growth, the most strongest market been invading by Japan Auto industry, the GDP has been reached 10 percent annually growth for the three decades. It was successfully in energy saving policy therefore technological electronics products and automobiles become very competitive internationally. This is a successful story in business forever to study. Japan Economy is beginning slower in 1990s with the average 1.7 % after the effects of financial crisis and assets price bubble, compared other industrial nations like Germany and USA. Real GDP grew as an average 1.5% annually from 1991 to 1999 comparing to growth in 1980s of about 4% per year. In the early 2001, the Japan government has economic reform in the relying of slow demand from US, and other Asia economies. From 2003 to 2007, its economic growth in GDP average 2.0 annually, under the pressures from other economic dragons, Japan as U.S still remains as a major economic powering the globe with among World’s largest and technological advance producers of automobiles and high tech merchandises and other electronic equipments. Japanese government make its efforts to continue the economy recovery yearly with a lower unemployment rate from 5.3% in 2003 to 4 % in 2007, lower population growth rate, and highest gross national savings with an average 27% yearly from 2003 to 2007 compared to US. 13%, an average for its national saving and U.S unemployment average rate 5.2 % yearly from 2003 to 2007.
Unlikely USA and China, Japan also has an efficient energy reform, by diversify its energy resources, lowering its dependence on imported oil from 75% in 1970s to 57% at present and having high technologies for automobiles with less gasoline driver and new introduction of Hybrid vehicles. It has a current account balance, $212.8 billion in 2007 comparing to U.S negative balance, -$738.6 billion, China $360.7 billion and Brazil 3.5 billion .Japan focus on export commodities such as transport equipments, motor vehicles, semiconductors and other high tech electronics. Their key partners for trade are USA with 20,4 %, China 15.3% South Korea 7.6 %, Taiwan 6.3 % and Hong Kong 5.4%. Although Government executes a series of reforms and its effort to revise economic growth but there are little results for its success.
Next, it took China 20 years to become an economy power nation or an Asia economic after Japan. In late of year 2002, China Communist Party open an inauguration 16th nation of congress of delegates, propose primary missions about reconstruction and China economic system reform. Realizing the most important of the new trends and World demands, China has follows a heavy industrialization road, with strong views and expectations of applying in technological science and free development strategy from rural to urban areas. In fact, China started its economy reform since 1970s from central economy system where is closed to the global. Since having a economic policies reform, China has open door to international markets wider to European, North and South America…It also create more flexible regulations to attract more foreign investments, with a speed development exceedingly, achieved accomplishments resound in the World.
According to Don Lee (2007), “China to join top economies-The Asian giant is poised to overtake Germany this year as its growth soars but the challenges await.” End of the year 2002, China approved total 424 foreign enterprises that invest into China market with a total amount of $828 billion dollar to become one of foreign investments country attracted at most in the World. From in the year 1993 to now, China continually is an attracted economy most investment from outdoors in developing nations. China attracts so huge accomplishment reaches foreign investments, integrity made by gist be produced give an investment climates, to cosmopolitan upper investor and fair business. Chinese export and import is also a largest trading partner to US, Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Germany, and Taiwan. Export and Import have been increased firmly with an average 23% in 2000 to 40% in 2006. From 2003 to 2007, China GDP is expected to reach an average 9.0%, it roses 10.7% GDP in 2006 and 11.4% in 2007. Exports roses $1.2 trillion and Imports roses $901 billion in 2007. Most of import commodities are machinery and equipments, oil and mineral fuels, plastic, steel and medical equipments. In 2007 China is the fourth largest economy in the World with a GDP $3.2 trillion after US, Japan and Germany but it has a significant warning for other power economies in the World by its growth fast and strong in the last five years, with a average GDP 10.6% and it will reach 12% in 2008 upon the analysis. However, there is a good number in GDP in may years but China still has a lower GDP per capita with a only $4,460 compared to USA $44,000, Japan $32,000 and Brazil $8,700. Its GDP per capita is still far away from other developed economies. In general the US still remains the inflation under 3.5 % annually in last 5 years and jobless is fewer than 5% yearly, Japan keeps below 1% inflation and jobless rate is about 3.9 % compared to China 4.8% inflation and 4.0 jobless or Brazil inflation is 3.6 and its jobless is highest 9.3 in 2007. Japanese economy is more better in remains it lowest inflation and keep its population growth is under 0.1% in last three years, compared to USA population growth is at 1.0%, China Pop growth rate is at 0.6 and Brazil is at 1.3 million in 2006. Even China International trade and GDP has grown faster for the past ten years and beginning the in the last 20 years reforms but China still face a series issues including all country economy risks. The rising of Chinese Economy become a full of potential competitor not only directly to the United States but other great nations in the fields of commerce-to-diplomacy and military however, China still need a lot more to reach the standards World and facing a lot more issues to correct its fair trading. They both need to work together, among China and World powers. Without United States and Japan, China would not have that much business growth in the decades. United States and Japan are China’s commercially premier partners. It already been mention above the most concern about US‘s trade deficit in the high level with $256 billion or 12.7% increased over 2006. China and Japan has a limit trade deficit with only $23.9 billion. Among China and Japan and USA and Brazil, China export to US doubled size from Japan. US-China trade (export and import combined) reaching $387 billion, US- Japan trade is to reach $214 billion or 10% while US-Brazil trade is to reach $50.2 billion, resulting the US’s trade deficit is at 1.0 billion in 2007. China became the World‘s third largest trading economy in 2006 with a total amount of trading surpassed $1.76 trillion. China has a huge trade surplus $360.7 billion in 2007 compared to U.S -$738.6 billion.
Last, Brazil is another economy dragon has been growing steadily with an average GDP 4.5% every year since 2003 to 2007. The last year is at $1.836 trillion or 5.4 % and GDP per capital is to reach $9,700 in 2007 to become the largest and strongest economy in South America. In 2007, Brazil is considered as a World’ tenth largest economy for exchange rate market and it has a deep and wide market with population closed 200 million. Brazil is a premier economy in the Latin American. This is potential economy market not only for US, China but other great investment partners. With per capita income is above fair-to-middling in the World. At present, Brazil has a huge work force resource and specializing in mining, agriculture products… Its economic growth passes away overcome other economies in the region. Nowadays, Brazil opens its door wider to the global economy. Their main exporting commodities are transport equipments, iron ore, soybean, coffee, autos and footwear. Their export key partners are US 14.2%, China 9.2% Argentina 8.3%, Germany 4.4%, Japan. Most of their imports-commodities are machinery, electrical and transport equipments, chemical, oil, automotive parts and electronic merchandises. Their largest import partners are US with 20%, China 8.9% and Japan 4.6% in 2007. The trade among nations, Brazil-China reaches $2.1 trillion in 2007 compared with $1.76 trillion in 2006 or 20% per year averaged increasing.
Brazil is Latin American regional, headmost country about politics and economy. During world post-war word stage II to 1990s, most of Brazil administrations have concentrated in economic development by opening its market to the globe and establishing an independent diplomatic policy. Last few years, Brazilian has the speed increase not only with its South America neighbors but European, North America and Asia, additionally play essential in United Nation’s mission’s role. As an agricultural attribute is in good progress and fine industrial development both production and services, Brazil economy has surpassed other ones in the same region to become the better involved and expanded fields to the international market. In fact, Brazil nation is in rich natural resources, a leading about who produce cane-sugar, coffee, and a country where there is most developed ground-ranched branch, to make breeding a main activity. Brazil also has been absorbing a high technological science in many produced fields and researches from aboard. An agriculture make up 9% GDP, key product is cotton coffee, bergamot soybean, maize cane-sugar, fat-stock meat cocoa, hulled rice… Industry seizes aluminums 32% GDP, product premier that be steel, transport equipment, electrical consumer products and Services is seizing about 59% total of nation GDP.

The World CIA Factbook

Exchange Rate System and Flawless Policies. It is simple to understand about exchange rate regime is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another under an agreed price between two parties and two currencies. Exchange rates are used continually by just about every business that deals in international trade, traveling, or foreign investments. It’s critical for people importing or exporting products and so on. For an example, the US dollar right now is lowest or closer to them versus the British Pound, Canadian Dollar and Euro. This should encourages a lot of travel to the US and allow US exporters to sell more products. Some government could use exchange rate as a toll to control inflations. The late Milton Friedman received the Nobel Prize in Economics for proving that inflation has one and only one cause - excessive printing of money by government(s). Therefore, the only way to control inflation is to control the money supply. Anything else is 'smoke and mirrors'.
There are two types of exchange rate regimes that can be called fixed and flexible rates. It depends on what economic system and monetary policy of each nation where they can use its own exchange rate system. The exchange rate regime to become a key important to most of national economic activities therefore during the last decades the fixed or flexible regimes have been changed rapidly to rely the changing of its currency market from many countries. This trend will have been continuing occurs in many years to come, particularly in the most of undeveloped and developing economies.
The United States of America economy is a biggest trading partner to most countries therefore the US economy growth and declines always have a huge impact to the World economy. It has been affected not only currency exchanges rate used and interest rates system of each regimes but it has been also affected by U.S Discount and Federal Funds rates where be influenced and regulated by US Central Banks. US has two exchange rate regimes to operate its exchange currency market since 1958 to 1973, US has applied fixed exchange rate regime that called Bretton Woods system and at the middle of the year 1973 US policy has been toward to flexible exchange rate regime. According to the Sanjay Ramchander, “The collapse of Bretton Woods or the fixed exchange rate system in 1973, along with the coinciding growth in global trade, and greater mobility of capital have all contributed to an increase in exchange rate volatility. Concerns about exchange rate levels and volatility have prompted central banks to actively intervene in foreign currency markets from time to time. “(P-1) The US Central Bank is called Federal Reserves system where it is has full power to monitor and regulate the domestic monies supply and has an effective credit policies tool that help to run the national financial market. It also monitors the foreign lending and direct investment and banking in US territory. The Fed will directly keep in touch with other Central Banks has strong influences in the US monetary and fiscal policies. Since 1934, US dollar was starting to lost it value and less than 60% content of gold therefore it effects a rising price of gold and till late of 1971s the convertibility of dollar to gold has been suspended for opening the new chapter of exchange rate regime in US. The US currency has a big change its value since 1971s, increasing the gold price 8.57% to US $38.00 per fine ounce. US dollar has been dominated World exchange markets for many decades. Because US dollar is very popular and most trust paper in circulation therefore it becomes the most reserve currency for another nation in the World today after gold. The US dollar today has other very competitive currencies such as Japanese money (Yen), German (Mark), and new one, Euro in which US has a major change in foreign exchange policy such as an exchange rate will be determined in the demand and supplies of monies; no more minimum requirement for a full of gold content and foreign exchange for the national currency in the mid 1978s. Presently, The US Federal Reserve still keeps interest rate at low point through end of this year. It is might be a good chance for foreign investors to own more US‘s s assets than any other time. US notes has been stored as reserves by many nations and dominated by many markets. In fact, most of the currency exchange activities today are often under the terms of US dollar. US Dollar and other major currency as Japan and Europe have been seizing about 60% of all currency exchange transaction on the World.
In fact, the Japan productivity is lower 30 percent than American labors. Meanwhile, Japan industrial fields have faced a lot of competitions from China in product quality and quantity and competitive price. Beside Japanese economy has to paid with a high cost of energy and a rise on cost of goods transportation in which will still gone on to affected negative exchange rate. Not like US Federal Reserve, most of the Japanese financial activities has been under the monitor and administrated by the Japanese Ministry of Finance. The Japanese government directly has been controlled all foreign investment and trading before 1949s. There are also a multiple exchange rates at that time and it has been run under the market economic policy. In the mid 1949 Japan decide to switch its plural exchange rate regime to a single exchange rate regime. This change continues its activity until 1960s under that progressed trade liberation. From 1960 to 1971 Japan has applied fixed exchange rate regime to rely US dollar but in the early 1971 Japanese government was beginning use the flexible exchange rate regime to allow its currency (Yen) to be floated above its fluctuation ceiling and an effective rate. In that time, the US dollar has lost its value and continuing devaluation, so the main cause to push Japan’ establishing and controlling exchange rates under the flexible exchange rate system as a basis. This is an open door for the freely floating of the effective rate of Japan currency. Japan begins to determine the exchange rate upon the supply and demand conditions. Likely responsibilities as US Federal Reserve, Ministry of Japanese Finance and authorized Central banks will intervene in the currency market when its currency has been fluctuated disorderly. At present, Japan flexible exchange rate regime has not been changed much lately.
In past decade, China has been trying to devalue its currency than US dollar in the lowest proportion that creates a bad image and unfair currency exchange. US manufactures accuse that the low value of China currency is a cause for imbalance trading and labor costs and also a competitive price of products in which Chinese goods are cheaper than in the America market while US goods more expensive than China goods in China market, comes to 40%. In fact, this is a main reason to cause a trade deficit between US and China. As others, China has its own currency “Yuan” that was fixed to the US. Dollar upon the changing markets in the period of time. In the 1970s, China has applied the fixed exchange rate regime for foreign exchange to the 15 major currencies but in 1980s it was appeared a multiple rate structure. It is alike a floating exchange system because it allowed the different exchange rates for foreign transactions Later on China has established a basis of the flexible exchange rate regime in order to trade with others major currency competitors. China also use the Foreign Swap Rate system where it combined both a spot and a forward transaction into one deal and allowed to trade currencies at one period of time and return the trade at a later date. Their system was mostly to help the trading and investment among foreign investment corporations and Chinese enterprises under the holding of the foreign exchange regime. Chinese exchange rate regime was tending toward more market-oriented basic. In the early 1990s, China government allowed its currency (Yuan) to adjust anytime upon the changing of markets. China continues to control the flexible foreign exchange regime under the Foreign exchange Swap System. In general, most of the currency exchange and trading activities have been controlled directly from The Bank of China where it carry out the foreign exchange plans and directly other authorized institutions to handle the foreign exchange activities. Currently, China has lost its currency value; this devaluation could create a conflict and imbalance trading between China and others. China should maintain a strong Yuan because it will benefit not only China market but global one. Because this devaluation of China Yuan will not benefit China in capital inflows as well as in continuing to build a huge aggregation of international reverse. As if China applied the fixed exchange rates are keeping low paid workers in China, while the Chinese government builds a huge surplus of foreign currency reserves to use as investment seed money in the Western World but if they allowed the exchange rate to float than their prices would ultimately rise and become less competitive. China's market would become pricier and therefore become parallel to other markets. It would induce greater competition (loss of profit) between China markets and other countries markets. According to the Xinhua,” The Chinese central bank also announced the adoption of a managed float to a basket of foreign currencies, allowing the trading price between the dollar and the Yuan to float within a 0. 3 percent band around the official central parity.” This is another pressure from aboard to revalue the exchange rate of China currency to US dollar. This is a completion of erasing the Yuan to the dollar pegging system in the last years. China should remain its flexible exchange rate regime as well as opening its capital markets for foreign investment. The Chinese government are controlling most of the foreign exchange transactions to prevent the freely market functioning. U.S. and other Western countries should give pressure to China to revalue its currency. At the same time US. need to re-plan its budget to increasing a national surplus and reduce deficit. US and China should work out a fair and effective exchange rate policy in a cooperative way that upon on the best interests of both nations.We got to know that the differences between currencies comes essentially two factors as the strength of the countries economies and the rate of long and short term bonds in the country and the solidity of its finances. Investors acquire currencies not so much to invest in them, but to buy products, stocks and bonds from that country. The American dollar has the added advantage that oil is paid in dollars. This is a main reason why Chinese have to use its currency to exchange US dollar.
The firstly Brazil currency was called “Cruzeiro” where it’s established by Brazil government and IMF in early 1942. Most of its exchange rate system and monetary policy has been directly control and regulate by the National Monetary Council. Brazil has applied limited flexible exchange rate regime in the late 1968. At that time US dollar is dominated currency in the World markets and because US dollar floating every time therefore Brazil’s Currency always keep closed its exchange rate relationship to the US currency. Beginning 1971s, US dollar was starting lost its value, this is cause for the “Cruzerio” Brazil currency‘s devaluation in terms of gold. The gold content of Brazil currency was also reducing since the US currency has a heavy devaluation in the 1973s. From 1942 to 1990, Brazil has eight times to change its currency and during its periods, it keeps losing the valuation till 1988, The Central Bank has required any major exchanges or payments should be pay out by gold. After few times to change its national currency and lost the currency valuation, the Brazil government has used a new exchange rate system that upon on the bands where the Band was set at Brazil real (R) R$0.98 per US. Dollar. This exchange rate system has been changing rapidly by time and its supply and demand. In fact, the flexible exchange rate regime has been used by Brazil Government since 1990 under the limited intervention from its government. This regime has been combined with the Bands where it’s controlling the money creation. Nowadays, Brazil has not change much its exchange rate system since the independently flexible regime was applied for its currency exchange in 1999s.
We have many unsuccessful polices since the last administrations such as NAFTA
agreement, energy, health care and on and on. Multinational corporations are conspiring It's called "Globalization"! to drive labor costs down worldwide, by moving manufacturing facilities to the countries that provide them with the lowest wage rates and the least regulatory oversight. By making all the world's workers compete against each other, the corporations reduce labor expenses and increase profits. NAFTA is just one means of bringing labor to it's knees. Immigration problems in the U.S. are an indication of worse things to come. In the future, regional job stability will not exist. Workers will become gypsies, wandering the globe looking for employment. Full time employment will be no more. In order to earn enough to exist, workers will find themselves forced to work 2-3 part-time jobs. The family unit will no longer enjoy the economic stability that was once theirs. The U.S. has had good things need protecting. The economy is a many tentacle beast that can not be tamed by simply attacking one thing. In fact, I would look at the price of oil as one of the biggest issues that will keep the economy poor. With people having to pay so much more just to get to and from work, that means there is far less money available for extras like TVs, washers and dryers, vacations, and all the other things. U.S economy is hurting for several reasons, the war is one factor, a larger factor is oil price, the falling dollar and housing problem are a direct result from failed polices.
In fact, Japan had a very bad timing of its economic performance in the early 1990s. It was affected by the oil crisis from 1970s to 1980s in which Japan economy started slowdown and its Real GDP has been shrinking at 0.4% from 1980 to 1985 or has an averaged at 1% during 1980 to 1990s. The most of failure financial policy that Japan has been adopt it in 1980s that a cause for the bubble economy and financial crisis to a very economy growth declines during 1990s.
China still faces a lot of remained problems, descendant inconsistency deeply still exist. There is a dissymmetry of poverty and wealthy level in Chinese society. There is also an imbalance of small and big enterprises from its fair competition. Many state-owned companies have been filing bankruptcy. There is a lowest of buying power from consumer, so goods remained unsold. A heavily of corruption status is at warning level.

At present, US economy faces a series problems, trade deficit reaching up 5.7% to $62.0 billion in July 2008 compared with $58.8 billion in June 2008. This is a highest mark in the last 16 months. The housing market has been crisis since 2005, following the jobless rate was rising up 6.1% in August 2008 which is the highest in 10 years. The financial industry in general, as lending and mortgages has been come to a crisis to lead to the failure of Fannies and Freddie and other Banks. This issue is remaining unclear evidence when it could be coming to the end. Although last couple weeks oil price was go down a little at $102.58 per barrel compared $150 in June 2008 but its high demand is still there, not only in US but on the World. All of these elements are being continued to drag down US economy. The US GDP in the first six month of year 2008 indicates the slowdown of the economy. Moreover, the inflation keep move slowly up, even the economy growth been declined. This is important indicator of whole economy need to be control as mush as. In the next expectation for U.S Economy’s growth would take another 2 or 3 years, to reach over $15 trillion upon the average rate of GDP averaged growth at 3.0 percent. The US productivity will increase rapidly yearly and labor force is projected to reach 165 million in the next 10 years. Beside the real Export expects to grow stronger than import reflects the government ‘effort to shrink its trade deficit. U.S has an average population increase less than 1.1% and 1.2% for employment growth.
In general, this economy also has to face ongoing challenges for a long-dated continuous. Although many Americans has assurance in economic field and a number of accumulators to so many belongings, still a amounts is considerable such as single mom families has to live under poverty, healthcare and education costs rises up every time. However the poverty is just about 12% in 2004, also outgrow collating with so many other countries. Those continuous economic fluctuations went through American history to the modern period. US still absolutely abide by some basic rules in its own pavilion of economic activity. The firstly most important thing is to sustain a “market economy”. The United States remains its economic theory and considers all in all best function how and when to decide production and make a value of products in order to pass interchange action of millions independent buyer and sellers over the globe. This is a real economic interest of a nation, not benefit by government or personally influences. Americans believe that in an open market system, prices almost reflect real value of its merchandise, and therefore it is an optimal instruction that gives producers what economic demands for production is necessary. There is another angle of view of new progressed economies as China, India, Russian, and Brazil have loftiness growth rating, even had where is too hot.
Inflation at these countries also has been increasing loftiness because of expend accentuation. These economies above are being to seize first position about world retail and services trading level. After a long period of time to have a better national saving and re-contribution its capital in investments and developments, People in these nations has to confront a higher demand for living, “more wealthy equal more spending”. This is a cause for World’s today increased inflation rate. The high inflation from these economies is not a brake for keeping their governments from imports restrictions. Therefore the devaluation of US dollar in last couple weeks will help US exports to enter these nation markets in the near future in which to create more jobs for our nation economy and hopefully this scenario can be final cause give securities index to United States economy during who pretty soon , over here retrieve world-wide.
Japan, although population density is big, par excellence live in metropolitan area but Japans has a loftiness standard of living. Japan industry is at the second ranking in the world, although it has been considered as a very poor country about natural resources. Most of productions are being depended on imported material, as 90% of energy from foreign imported oil. Japanese economically accomplishments are in centralized of invented production phyla. At present, The Japanese overall economy has not been changing much upon the national real GDP in 2007 and 2008 at 2.1%. The inflation has also keep low increasing at 2.0% in August 2008. The Japanese export is heading slowing down in June 2008 at 1.7% while import of record level at 16.2% rises, by impacts from falling World economy, the American financial crisis and the high demand oil and price that affected disadvantageous to this power of Asiatic most largest economy. Japanese trade surplus has also been decreased in June 2008 $1.28 billion or 89% in the same period of the last year, 2007. According to the BBC news, “Japan's trade surplus shrank by more than expected in July, due to weaker US demand and an increase in oil imports. The surplus fell to 91.15bn yen ($830.5m; £444.2m), down 86.6% from the same period a year earlier.” (P-1) The difference among US, China, Brazil are facing with a higher inflation than Japan has a lowest inflation of status where Japanese and its enterprises at this sunrise country are waiting inflation to come back, with more than a decade under the sustained deflation. Many past years, Japanese economy was in average at 1.0% deflation because Japanese consumers are limited in spending of automobile, consumed goods and so on but more on saving plans and home cash reserves. Moreover, the high cost of energy along with the rising expenditure prices to cut back their expenses to cause Japan‘s GDP and CPI index to increase negligible. Firstly, it should stimulate its economy by spending packages where Japan will always hope inflation index has boost omen diligently. Secondly, to remains as the competitive and largest economy ranking in Asia, Japan should consider a labor reform by building a powerful manpower resource with a high labor skill and knowledge to rely the better productivity. Japan can also open their door for foreign labors. Looking at US economy’s productivity still remains as highest level. Although Japan should be considered as good stage as maintaining its industrial base and have a better in national saving plan and a huge capital resources and reserves those can continues to show its strong economic outlook. But Japan also should pay attention to its declines in the population growth that is a threat to the long term rapid economic growth. In additional, the higher percentage rate in elders than younger generation will give a pressure on the pension system and given short on its workforce.
According to the Yuichi,”The life expectancy in Japan in the longest in the world. In 1995, average life expectancy at birth was 76 years for male and 82 years for females.”(P-3)
In the past decades, China Economy has been growing steadily, getting a lot successful results and attentions from its reforms. However, it is still in the process of transferring from developing economic nation to developed one, opening- market economy.
There are plenty of challenges and problems in which China have to face with them such as inflation pressures, over expanded investment, overload capitals, environments, safety labor, trade balance wit h US and so on. In general, China economy is at good growth stage although World economy has some issues such as inflation, energy demand, currency exchanges and political crisis as Georgia and others. In the following years, China will keep its speedy growth but it will slowly down after the ten years and start to shrink its economy in controlling its high inflation. Beside the using oil is as a high demand for China daily. In general, China Economic growth had driving force fullness at high speed where it still continues going up the next future. Beside, China economic system has a series of systemic problems according to the CBS News:
“The government has in recent years struggled to contain the social strife and environmental damage related to the economy's rapid transformation; collect public receipts due from provinces, businesses, and individuals; reduce corruption and other economic crimes; sustain adequate job growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; and keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, most of which had not participated in the vigorous expansion of the economy and many of which had been losing the ability to pay full wages and pensions. From 50 to 100 million surplus rural workers were adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time low-paying jobs. Popular resistance, changes in central policy, and loss of authority by rural cadres have weakened China's population control program”

There is a very serious problem that must a worst environment by notably air, water pollution, soil erosion where is a long term threat to China continued rapid economic growth. China has also continued to lose arable land because of erosion and infrastructure development. There are also a few major concerns that China has to confront the differences between the pricing system and labor force. The relocation of workforce and large scale underemployment in both rural and urban areas, and the fear of the disruptive effects of major, explicit unemployment that is strong.
While World has been paying the attention about the increasing of China using energy but China most functioned its economic by coal mines. China total economy uses about 67% percent of coal and 24% of crude oil. China consumptive that 6.31% sum commercially about world's oil energy, compared to Japan spend 11.3% and United States is 29.6%. However, the incremental production in industrial fields was made China’s power consumption level augmented. Therefore, China has to looking for any other foreign energy supplying around the world. At present, China has also facing with a series issues as inequality in income, corruption disaster and authority abuse obtain along with china's economy accelerating. Although China may become number one in power economic nation but this dream never come true in next the 30 years. They need a long way to reform and restructure whole economic system. “China has strong aspirations to be the number 1 economic power,” Shenkar said. “Hundreds of years ago China was one of the world’s leading powers and they want to be number 1 again. They are very clear about it. And I don’t think we should dismiss it out of hand, which is what most of us are doing right now.” (P-2)
In an influential article of The Independent World, Leonard Doyle (2006) argued that Brazil will become the fifth largest of consumer market spending and the eighth economy upon the GDP in the next 30 years.
At present, Brazil average GDP is reaching 4.0% yearly from 2003 to 2007. The total consumer goods spending rising up at 3.8% annually, record to the $1.410 trillion in the year 2007 to $3.300 trillion in 2030, with an average rate of increasing and a very healthy condition of its growth, its poverty is decreasing in years to come. Many other World economists also acknowledged that Brazil economy is in balance staging of economic development, stabilization and indestructibility. It has also been recognized as a potential nation in South America about oil, ethanol, and diesel bioscience energy. In additional, Brazil has a progression in Automobile industry, surpassed France to become the sixth largest industry in the World, records at 1.69 million cars- export in the first six months of the year 2008. Although Japan was remains as World’s largest automobile industry with 6.06 million car-producing, China 5.2 million and US 4.89 million. Brazil is a potential market in the BRIC group beside China, Russia and India with the attracted capital investment of US technology corporations. It is just in August, Brazil import turnover of $17.4 billion, increasing 51% compared 2% higher than in the same last year period. This is a cause for its decreased exports at 38.4% than corresponding period of last year.
Brazil country is reached at 192 million people in 2007 to be the fifth largest nation with population, less than 2/3 United States population, and 1/6 China population where is a nation along with the prospective market in the long run and technological market but the instability of Brazil at both economic and political issues in the past were shading its growth opportunities. Even if Brazil economy has potential growth, large size and important economy but its problems still exist like corruption, analphabetic and poverty that holdbacks the big development from Brazil to become a developed nation. Brazil still has a long way to reform its whole economic and political systems, needing clear and opening policies in which directs this nation in the next level.
Conclusion

Summarily, the forces of globalization today are being getting closer to our daily lives for the best forever from trading, exchange views, traveling, and other matters. Globe still faces with a series of issues today as the geo political situation, the inflation pressure, the rising in commodities prices, especially energy resources, natural disaster and potential of disease outbreaks. International trade also will have a significant impact to the level of economic growth of an economy. International trade allows for the exchange of capital goods from foreign countries and exposes an economy to technological advances achieved around the world. In fact, the international trade and economy growth have been linking closely each other.
“Although the global economy has sustained strong growth in recent quarters,
turbulence in financial markets has clouded the prospects. The baseline projections for global growth in 2008 have been revised down by almost ½ percentage point relative to the July 2007 World Economic Outlook Update, although growth would remain a solid 4¾ percent, supported by generally sound fundamentals and the strong momentum in the emerging market economies (Figure 1.1). However, risks to the outlook lie firmly on the downside, centering around the concern that financial market strains could continue and trigger a more pronounced global slowdown” the Financial Market Update said:

During the second quarter of year 2008, the GDP of World output has been showed the slowdown of global economy. The rising inflation spreads everywhere in the World and some other followed issues such as rising energy demand and price, commodity prices have give an inflation pressure to the World economy, particular as China at 7.1% in beginning of year 2008 and Brazil at 6.27%. The average World Inflation rate is about 5.5% upon the global economy growth that is expected slowdown with an average 4.0% in 2008, 3.9% in 2009, affected by the lower US GDP; recent turbulence in financial markets and other economies. The growth rate of industrial production is at 5%, the GDP Per Capita (PPP) is an average $9,774 for total World Population, 6.65 billion. Its GDP growth has been leading by China 11.4% or 3.25 trillion dollar, India 9.2%, Russia 8.1%, following US. 2.2%, Japan 2.1% and Brazil 5.4%. However, the World economy will continue to grow in many years to come, with $65.2 trillion dollar or 5.2 % GDP growth in 2007 compared with 3.8% in 2006, 3.5% in 2005. Combining both shares of China and USA in the World GDP could be placed at 31% compared to the total of GDP share of the World output. Although the United States still remains as a number one of Economy ranking in 2007, with $13.8 trillion or 2.2 % GDP growth but at the present the United States Economy keeps towards moving slowly, its government tried as much as many solutions to prevent the recession. Japan is the second place with $4.3 trillion or 1.7%, China is the fourth position after Germany economy, with $3.25 trillion or 11.5% and the last one is Brazil with $1.3 trillion or 4.4%. U S and Brazil have lower gross national savings than China and Japan in which the more saving is the gain of chances to invest in aboard. The US deficit soars at a higher record in 2007 and 2008 therefore they have to finance a deficit of savings from foreign investment with the two large China and Japan Central Banks. In general, China grows stronger and stronger last many years since the economic reform last 20 years, with the last five year GDP growth has averaged 10.6% compared to US 3.2%, Japan 2.04%, and Brazil 3.5%. US export is expected to reach at $1,149 billion and Imports is at $1,965 billion, the imbalance of trading could cause for a larger deficit in 2007. US is the lowest country in national saving with an only $70.5 billion reserves of foreign exchange and gold while Brazil is expected to have $205.3 or 105.9% increased, Japan $997.1 or 8.7% and China’s reserves is expected to reach a highest record at $1,809 billion or 43% in 2007 for the fifth consecutive year. The Chinese economic growth is a warning as a powerful competitor not only to US but other economies. According to the Oded Shenkar (2005), “The rise of the Chinese economy in the 21st century is reminiscent of that of another country. And that country isn’t Japan or some of its Asian neighbors in the 1980s – it is the United States a century ago.”
Nowadays, globalization is being one of international relation's trends in necessary development of the modern World. The international economic development and its closed relations has been pushing stronger than the past by the scientifically and technological revolution. The birth of many World Organizations is being said the new trend of global relation. As if, the World Trade Organization where it does not only accommodate goods commerce but also a whole service, investment and intellectual property. WTO is a scale world-wide Organization with 139 members countries in the world, seize over 95% quantum sums trade that world. The global economy is the trend of modern thoughts and new demand for any economies to be left out of international economic event. Every nation today should follow this road trend to the globalization process. World GDP has been seized by 25% from US GDP so if there are any economic and political varies in the United States can lead to World Economy caution.
While I am writing this paper, the US financial industry was too deep in problem, most of the biggest lending corporations have to fight to survive in this extremely difficult time. This crisis has been spilled over more broadly on other areas, in both national and international. The most crises have been occurred in the modern time after the great depression in 1930s and Asia financial one during 1990s. Many predict and expects from the efforts of federal government and US Central Bank, by lower the fed funds rate and money supply-pumping. If the applying the lower fed funds rate tool then will boost the rising inflation but if not then keep the slow economy goes nowhere. It does not mean World-wide economy will be in depression but at least will leads to the slowdown growth in many other economies in the following months. Firstly, it is clearly that the US consumer goods spending will be decreasing, following the World’s GDP attenuation. The second matter is the weaker US dollar currency will affect to countries depending on the US market. If the Federal Reserve continues to cut interest rates to stimulate its economic market, but it may be a cause to devaluate its currency to other Euro, Japan and China dollars to create a trigger United State’s export but again it be nightmare with respect to exporters Germany, Japan and Korea, and China where these economies have deeply depend into US market high-rolling export. Third, US is not only nation been faced with the bubble housing and financial crisis markets in the last years. This phenomenon also has been occurred at countries from Asia to Europe because globalization has become a reality in the past decades. More and more we are moving towards connection in one giant, global economy-one market. World also has been facing with the imbalance of population growth among developed countries like US, Japan and developing countries as China and Brazil. As regards to the real data and statistics, it showed that most of poor economies as undeveloped and developing countries have a higher country risk, higher inflation, higher dependence on national natural resources, higher population lives under poverty line and higher GDP economic growth but have a lower GDP per capita, lower life expectation at birth, lower productivity, less technology and educational system than rich or developed countries.
Finally, the most important key is now for saving the downturns of the World and US economies by know how to create and to remain a credible and healthy investment environment in which most of investors are waiting for it. The trusty has been detracted since last many corruptions. The restoration of public’s trust in business activity is a must immediately. Fiduciary crisis is under liquidity datum level caused stating buckled up and credit at Wall Street. This status also was blazing all over other financial markets in the World. Realizing that it is a flawless of domino economic theory in which national economies have been drawing along into a circle of it. This also another past decade experienced lesson likes Japan ones in 1990s. US need not only its economic and financial, fiscal reforms but US also need aboard economic partners to contribute their parts in saving US economy. US administration and economists have to realize it as a huge hole in financial crisis to find decisive solution for solving. This is not a simple issue as one or just two failure- corporations but a reflection to the whole agitated financial industry, the failure of the monetary and fiscal policies. US Central Banks itself were in difficulties could save World Economy from economic depression status’s negative impacts in the America. Presently, the capability of US Central Bank in using currency and interest rate tool to stimulate its economy is retrenched than before. World has to find best equation that can solve a thorny problem with the two answers; rising inflation and slow economic growth. The World and US’s inflation is still remains as an unsolved math.

Preference

Allen, Frederick Lewis (1940). Since Yesterday: The 1930's in America, September 3, 1929 to September 3, 1939. New York: Harper and Row.

CBS News. (2007, April, 10). Country Fast Facts: China, CBS- News
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/04/country_facts/main3328842.shtml

Goodman, Peter S. (2008, August 24). U.S. and global economies slipping in unison
The Global edition of the New York Times. Business with Reuters
Retrieved from http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/24/business/globecon.php?page=2

HP-Time.com. (1980, Apr. 21). Capitalism in Japan
Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924020-2,00.html

Lee, Don (2007, July 20). The World - China to join top 3 economies - The Asian giant is poised to overtake Germany this year as its growth soars. But challenges await.
Pages: 379 – 380, Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN: 1-59593-343-3. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jul/20/business/fi-chinaecon20

Ramchander, Sanjay & Sant, Raymond R. (2000, April). The impact of Federal Reserve intervention on exchange rate volatility: evidence from the futures markets
Retrieved from http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/407815894-4361642/content~content

Rato, Rodrigo De. (2007 October, 20). International Monetary Fund.
Retrieve from http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm

Samuelson, Robert J. (2008 July, 23) Great Depression. The Concise Encyclopedia of economics. The Washington Post
Retrieved from http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/07/the_depression_specter.html

Shionoya, Yuichi (2007 May, 12). Japan's Grand Reforms from an Economic Social and Political Perspective. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Retrieved from http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/japan/socsec/sionoya.html

Teseng, Wanda (May 18, 2006). China's and India's Recent Experience with Reform and Growth. The 2008 Annual Meetings IMF and World Bank
Retrieve from http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm

Wan, Ming (2001). Japan between Asia and the West.
Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=n8kg-uXoBCUC&pg

Wikipedia by supporting it financially. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from the Wiki:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_world_product

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Rogoff

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Japan

Yuichi Uehara, Masato Mori, Nayuta Ishii, Yoshito Tobe & Yoh Shiraishi (2006).
Step-wise context extraction in AoK mule system. Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems. Tokyo Denki University
Pages: 379 – 380, Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-343-3

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The World Factbook.
Retrieved from http://www.huduser.org/Datasets/IL/IL08/in_fy2008.pdf